SX Kinetics, Inc. - Specialists in Solvent Extraction and Electrowinning Pilot Plants

PROJECTS

SX PLANTS EW PLANTS LEACHING HYDROMET COALESCERS	SX Kinetics, Inc. has completed over 290 projects in 26 countries for the recovery and separation of 26 metals. We are qualified and have the expertise in the development, design, and manufacture of many aspects of solvent extraction and electrowinning technology and application. The following is a list of recent projects completed by SX Kinetics:
	2024	sxk-300 Autlan (Mexico) Manufactured a solvent extraction pilot plant with 10 mixer-settlers, 2 coalescers, and an organic tank. The pilot plant was sized at 1 L/min of combined aqueous and organic phase. sxk-301 Missouri Cobalt Manufactured a laboratory scale cobalt solvent extraction pilot plant with 20 mixer-settlers and 8 pH controllers. sxk-302 Queens University (Kingston, Ontario, Canada) Manufactured a laboratory scale cobalt solvent extraction pilot plant with 5 mixer-settlers and 3 pH controllers. This pilot plant is used for teaching their students solvent extraction. sxk-303 PCS Phosphate Manufactured jacketed mixer-settlers for a solvent extraction pilot plant used to simulate their full scale column SX. sxk-304 Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured two polyethylene agitation tanks for the RCM in Ottawa, Canada. sxk-305 Global Resources Engineering Manufactured a laboratory scale electrowinning pilot plant with the capacity to plate up to 0.5 kg of metal per day. The pilot plant has the option to be used with or without anode diaphragms for electrowinning of copper, cobalt or nickel. The pilot plant was shipped to Colorado, USA.
	2023	sxk-288 Arxo Metals / Salene Manganese Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 5 mixer-settlers for a company in South Africa. sxk-289 Confidencial Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 120 mixer-settlers for a company in the US. sxk-290 Process Research Ortech Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 5 mixer-settlers. sxk-292 Kemetco Research Manufactured a solvent extraction pilot plant with 10 mixer-settlers, 2 coalescers, and an organic tank. The pilot plant was sized at 1 L/min of combined aqueous and organic phase. sxk-293 Albermarle Lithium Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 8 mixer-settlers, 4 pH controllers, and 4 pumps. sxk-294 Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured a polypropylene agitation tank for the RCM in Ottawa, Canada. sxk-296 CanMet (Research centre in Ottawa, Canada) Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 32 mixer-settlers, 16 pH controllers, and 4 pumps. sxk-298 Altilium Metals Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 32 mixer-settlers, 16 pH controllers, and 6 pumps. This pilot plant was shipped to the UK. sxk-299 Ascend Elements Manufactured a laboratory scale electrowinning pilot plant with the capacity to plate up to 0.5 kg of metal per day. The pilot plant has the option to be used with or without anode diaphragms for electrowinning of copper, cobalt or nickel.
	2022	sxk-272 pH 7 Technologies Manufactured a copper electro-refining cell for a customer in BC, Canada. sxk-273 Seren Technologies Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 10 mixer-settlers for a research centre at a University in Northern Ireland. sxk-274 Solvey (USA) / Cytec (Australia) Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 6 mixer-settlers for a project at BHP Olympic Dam in South Australia. sxk-275 Managem Group Manufactured an electrowinning pilot plant for a Managem's research centre in Morocco. sxk-276 Arxo Metals / North-West University Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 5 mixer-settlers for a project in South Africa. sxk-277 SCW Systems / Clean Energy Technology Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 5 mixer-settlers, 3 pH controllers and 3 pumps for a research project in the Netherlands. sxk-278 Haifa Negev Technologies Ltd Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 10 mixer-settlers for a project in Israel. sxk-279 Reghol Group Ltd Manufactured a gold electrowinning plant for a customer in Ghana. sxk-280 Curtin University Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 12 mixer-settlers, 6 pH controllers and 4 pumps for a research project in Australia. sxk-281 Ascend Elements, Inc Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 24 mixer-settlers, 12 pH controllers and 6 pumps for a research project in the US. sxk-283 CanMet Manufactured an electrowinning pilot plant for CANMET, a research centre in Ottawa, Canada. sxk-284 Royal Canadian Mint Provided two filter housing to RCM in Ottawa, Canada. sxk-285 Nutrien (PCS Phosphate) Manufactured 16 jacketed and flanged mixer-settlers. sxk-286 Norscope / Rexys. SA Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 5 mixer-settlers for a company in Argentina.
	2021	sxk-252 Falconbridge Dominicana Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 10 mixer-settlers and 5 pH controllers. sxk-254 Inter Reliance Manufactured a laboratory scale electrowinning pilot plant for a customer in Mongolia. sxk-255 Corem Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 18 mixer-settlers and 6 pH controllers. sxk-256 Royal Canadian Mint Provided a 1115 L FRP agitation leach tank for a precious metal project. sxk-257 Managem Designed a cobalt solvent extraction pilot plant with 12 mixer-settlers and 12 pH controllers for a project in Moracco. sxk-258 Seren Techologies Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 5 mixer-settlers and 5 pH controllers. sxk-259 Crocodile Project Work on the designed a cobalt solvent extraction pilot plant for a project in Europe. sxk-261 Lithion Recycling Inc. Manufactured a cobalt electrowinning pilot plant with anode diaphragms. sxk-263 Primex International Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 10 mixer-settlers for a research centre in South Africa. sxk-264 RSR Technologies Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 24 mixer-settlers for a research centre in the USA. The pilot plant has 12 pH controllers that can be relocated to any stage. sxk-266 Aqua Metals Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 6 mixer-settlers, 6 pH controllers and 4 pumps for a research centre in the USA. sxk-268 / sxk-269 Eco Recycling Manufactured a solvent extraction pilot plant with 10 mixer-settlers for a project to recover cobalt from recycled lithium batteries. The pilot plant included two SX circuits, one for impurities and the other for cobalt. It was installed at a battery recycling facility in Italy. sxk-270 Energy Exploration Technologies, Inc. Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 8 mixer-settlers and 4 pumps for a research centre in the USA. sxk-271 Prairie Lithium Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 6 mixer-settlers, 6 pH controllers and 4 pumps for a research project to extract lithium.
	2020	sxk-240 West Virginia University Manufactured a solvent extraction pilot plant with 12 mixer-settlers for research on the recovery of rare earth metals from ground water. sxk-241 Outotec Manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with 10 mixer-settlers and 5 pH controllers for their research centre in Chile. sxk-242 Jade Plant & Machinery Ltd Manufactured a gold EW plant with electrolyte pumps and immersion heaters. The EW was for a project in Zimbabwe. sxk-243 HDR Engineering Inc. Built a laboratory solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX-EW) pilot plant for their research centre in Arizona, USA. sxk-245 Cribas y Tamices Intervenispa, S.L. Designed and manufactured a gold electrowinning cell with rectifier and cathode wash tank for a gold mine in Cuba. sxk-247 Nagrom Built a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with 5 mixer-settlers and 5 pH controllers. sxk-249 ASAP INGENIERIA LTDA. Manufactured a lab scale SX pilot plant for a customer in Chile. sxk-250 Inter Reliance Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant for a customer in Mongolia. sxk-251 Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured a 945 L agitation leach tank
	2019	sxk-231 KU Leuven University Manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with 20 mixer-settlers for a research of solvent extraction of cobalt. sxk-232 Chemical Research Solutions Manufactured titanium impellers for a lutetium leach and solvent extraction plant. sxk-233 Pöyry Finland Oy Built a solvent extraction pilot plant with 4 mixer-settlers, 2 coalescers, organic tank and feed tanks. sxk-234 Golden Predator Mining Corp Designed and manufactured a gold electrowinning cell with rectifier for a gold project in Yukon, Canada. sxk-235 Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured a polypropylene agitation tank having 378 L capacity. sxk-236 Virginia Tech Built a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with 12 mixer-settlers. The pilot plant included 6 pH controllers. sxk-237 Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured a polypropylene agitation tank having 945 L capacity.
	2018	sxk-219 West Virginia University Manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with 100 mixer-settler stages for research on the recovery of rare earth metals from coal. sxk-220 University of Kentucky Manufactured a modular solvent extraction pilot plant with 10 mixer-settlers stages for the recovery of scandium from coal. sxk-222 LabPartner KBS Manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with 7 stages and 6 pH controllers for a research lab in Poland. sxk-213 University of Kentucky Manufactured a ltwo stage leaching plant with thickeners and filter presses for research on the recovery of rare earth metals from coal. sxk-224 INEKO company Manufactured a carbon in leach (CIL) pilot plant for a gold project in Russia. sxk-226 Graidco BV Built a laboratory SX EW pilot plant for a copper project. The pilot plant was shipped to the Ministry of Minerals and Mines in Zambia. sxk-227 Virginia Tech Designed and manufactured thickeners for a pilot plant aimed at the recovery of rare earth metals. sxk-228 Chemical Research Solutions Manufactured titanium impellers for a lutetium leach and solvent extraction circuit. sxk-230 Pöyry Finland Oy Built a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with 6 mixer-settlers.
	2017	sxk-212 Université de Liège Designed and manufactured a solvent extraction and electrowinning pilot plant for the recovery of copper from scrap electronics. The plant was shipped to a University in Belgium. sxk-213 Chemical Research Solutions Designed and manufactured titanium impellers with titanium shaft couplings for agitation of a rare earth concentrate in hydrochloric acid. sxk-214 Lomati Mine Pty Ltd Manufactured a gold electrowinning plant for a mining company in Swaziland. sxk-217 University of Kentucky Manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant for research on the recovery of rare earth metals from coal. sxk-218 Agua Dulce Manufactured a gold electrowinning plant for a company in the US.
	2016	Chemical Research Solutions Designed and manufactured titanium impellers with titanium shaft couplings for agitation of a rare earth concentrate in hydrochloric acid. Innovation Metals Design and manufactured ten (10) solvent extraction columns for a rare earth and cobalt / nickel projects. Chemetics, Inc. Designed and manufactured an electrowinning cell for the reduction of ferric to ferrous iron. The cell featured a diaphragm compartment. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured anode diaphragm bags for a precious metal electro-refining cell. Paragon International Trading Enterprises Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant for a research centre in Pakistan. L & B Testing Services Ltd: Ghana Designed and manufactured a gold electrowinning cell with the capacity to produce 50 kg of gold per week. 3M Designed and manufactured a copper solvent extraction pilot plant for a project at a copper mining operation in Chile. Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. Provided a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with 16 mixer-settler stages. BAFS Corp Designed and manufactured a copper electrowinning pilot plant. PCS Phosphate Provided settlers with heating jackets for a laboratory SX pilot plant. Paul Scherrer Institute Manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant for an SX research project in Switzerland.
	2015	Comprominsa: Bolivia Designed and manufactured an electrowinning plant for a gold project in Bolivia. The electrowinning cell, elelctrolyte tanks, heat exchanger, and circulation heater were manufactured from 316 stainless steel. E.M.S.Manufacturing Co. LLC: USA Designed and manufactured an electrowinning plant for a gold project in Colorado, USA. The electrowinning cell and elelctrolyte tanks were manufactured from polypropylene. Private Citizen: Sudan Manufactured a small electrowinning cell for a gold project in Sudan. The electrowinning cell was manufactured from fibreglass. BASF Corporation Manufactured a laboratory scale electrowinning pilot plant with anode diaphragms for a research project in Tucson, AZ, USA Oro Roca S.A.: Nicaragua Manufactured a electrowinning cell and rectifier for a gold project in Nicaragua. Advance Mining Technology LLP Provided a copper solvent extraction and electrowinning demonstration pilot plant to a company in Kazakhstan. The plant has the capacity to produce 250 kg per day of copper from 100 L per minute of PLS. Cinco Precious Metals LLC: Honduras Designed and manufactured an electrowinning plant for a gold project in Honduras. The electrowinning cell was manufactured from fibreglass. Siemens Energy, Inc. Designed and manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with pH control.
	2014	Innovation Metals Manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with 130 mixer-settler stages for rare earth solvent extraction. ChemProc LLC Manufactured titanium impellers and titanium shaft couplings for agitation leaching of a rare earth concentrate in hydrochloric acid. VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland Manufactured a solvent extraction pilot plant with pH controllers for a research centre in Finland. Sustancias Quimicas Reactec Provided technical consulting on the design of a copper sulphate production plant for a client in Bolivia. Sales de Jujuy S.A. Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant for a research centre in Argentina. ChemProc LLC Provided cylindrical tanks for a rare earth solvent extraction plant. Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with 15 mixer-settler stages. The pilot plant included pH controllers..
	2013	Areva NC / Imouraren S.A. Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant for a project to recover uranium from phosphoric acid. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured anode diaphragm bags for a precious metal electro-refining cell. Saudi Geological Survey Designed and manufactured an agitation leach tank for production of high purity silica sand. LLC Systems for microscopy and analysis Designed and manufactured a laboratory leaching pilot plant with four 4 L Pyrex leach vessels LLC Systems for microscopy and analysis Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with 15 mixer-settler stages. LLC Systems for microscopy and analysis Designed and manufactured a laboratory electrowinning pilot plant with 8 cathodes and 9 anodes. Royal Canadian Mint Provided a pilot plant size filtration apparatus with a supply of filter media.
	2012	ITS Science & Medical PTE Limited Designed and manufactured a laboratory leaching pilot plant for a customer in Indonesia. Outotec (Finland) Oy Designed and manufactured a solvent extraction pilot plant with 15 mixer-settler stages. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured anode diaphragm bags for an electro-refining cell. Cytec Metal Extraction Products Manufactured a 0.1 L per minute solvent extraction pilot plant. Cytec Metal Extraction Products Manufactured a 1 L per minute solvent extraction pilot plant. Cytec Metal Extraction Products Manufactured a 4 L per minute solvent extraction pilot plant. Cytec Metal Extraction Products Manufactured a 1000 L batch agitation pilot plant. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured a fibreglass agitation tank with a titanium impeller for a platinum and palladium project. Central Ostrobothnia University Manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant for a University in Finland. Equilab Chile Manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant for a customer in Chile. Royal Canadian Mint Provided filtration media for an existing filter unit. Rio Tinto Designed and manufactured a boron solvent extraction pilot plant. Chem Proc LLC Designed and manufactured a hydrometallurgical production plant for the production of high purity lutetium. ITS Science & Medical PTE Limited manufactured an agitation tank for a customer in Indonesia. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured anode diaphragm bags for an existing electro-refining cell. ITS Science & Medical PTE Limited Designed and manufactured a laboratory scale electrowinning pilot plant for a customer in Indonesia. Cytec Industries Manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant with five mixer-settlers. Royal Canadian Mint Provided filter media for an existing filter unit.
	2011	Genivar Developed a conceptual hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of uranium from phosphoric acid production. Rio Tinto Designed and manufactured a copper solvent extraction and copper electrowinning pilot plant to demonstration new technology for the production of copper cathode from chalcopyrite heap leaching. William Simmons Provided an SX Kinetics' report on gold solvent extraction from hydrochloric acid solution. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured a semi-conical bottom agitation leach tank for a precious metals project. Areva France Designed and manufactured a solvent extraction pilot plant with 4 stages of extraction, 5 stages of stripping, and 2 stages of washing for a uranium solvent extraction project in Niger. Stellenbosch University Manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with four mixer-settlers stages. Laboratory Equipment Development Development new laboratory pilot plant equipment including laboratory continuous leaching pilot plant and pilot plant filtration of leached slurries. The Shepherd Chemical Company Manufactured a solvent extraction impeller for a cobalt solvent extraction plant. Kemetco Research Provided technical consulting on the recovery of gold. Royal Canadian Mint Designed and manufactured a 500 L polypropylene agitation tank with a variable speed agitator and titanium impeller for a precious metals project. Royal Canadian Mint Designed, developed, and manufactured a prototype silver cementation column for continuous production of silver from silver nitrate. Rio Tinto Australia Designed and manufactured a copper solvent extraction pilot plant with immersion heaters in each mixer-settler. Soltin Investments Inc. Designed and manufactured a gold electrowinning production plant (capacity of 80 kg gold per week) for a mine in Cuba. Talvivaara Sotkamo Oy Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with ten mixer-settlers for a research centre in Finland. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured a semi-conical bottom polypropylene tank. Royal Canadian Mint Designed and manufactured two silver cementation tanks from 316 stainless steel. Royal Canadian Mint Provided replacement filter media for existing filtration equipmet. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured titanium impeller shaft couplings. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured anode diaphragm bags for an electro-refining.
	2010	Royal Canadian Mint Provided fibreglass rods for removal of silver during silver electrowinning. Royal Canadian Mint Designed and manufactured several titanium agitation tank impellers. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured a semi-conical bottom agitation tank for a precious metals project. Royal Canadian Mint Provided a 5 cubic foot filter press (Siemens J press). Norilsk Nickel Harjavalta Oy Provided four glass mixer-settlers and other laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant equipment to a customer in Finland. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured anode diagram bags for the recovery of precious metals. Royal Canadian Mint Designed and manufactured a 208 L agitation tank for a precious metal project. Neomet Technologies Inc. Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with twelve mixer-settlers for a cobalt solvent extraction research project. FLSmidth Minerals Designed and manufactured a mixer-settler with a sight glass window for evaluation of the phase disengagement characteristics of the dispersion with various coalescers. SafaTarim Turkey Provided technical consulting on the digestion of copper from scrap copper metal and on the crystallization and production of high purity copper sulphate penta hydrate. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured a 1000 L polypropylene agitation tank for a precious metal project. Royal Canadian Mint Provided a 4 cubic foot filter press (Siemens J press). Metric Venture Partners Inc. Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with eighteen mixer-settlers for the solvent extraction of cobalt. Kemetco Research Inc. Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with twelve mixer-settlers for various research projects at a contract research centre. Met Tech Systems Participated in a serries of meetings to discuss the application of ferric chloride solvent extraction. Royal Canadian Mint Modified converted an existing fibreglass tank to an agitation tank for precipitation and production of precious metals. Genivar Traveled to Tunisia to participate in a series of meetings to evaluate existing and new technologies for the recovery of uranium from phosphoric acid production. Metric PC Systems Manufactured a prototype electrolyses cell for generation of chlorine gas from hydrochloric acid. Hellenic Copper Mines Limited Provided technical support to an existing copper solvent extraction pilot plant is Cyprus Kirkland Lake Gold Corp. Participated in a meeting to discuss improvements to an existing gold electrowinning operation.
	2009	Royal Canadian Mint Provided a 1100 L fibreglass dish bottom tank with an mount for an air powered agitator. BioMed International Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with pH controllers for a company in Kuwait. Shepherd Widnes Ltd Designed and manufactured fifteen curve blade solvent extraction impellers for a cobalt solvent extraction plant in the UK. Tshwane University of Technology Designed and manufactured a laboratory leaching pilot plant for a research program at the Faculty of Engineering at Tshwane University in South Africa. Royal Canadian Mint Provided a 3 cubic foot filter press to the Royal Canadian Mint in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Royal Canadian Mint Provided four fibreglass holding tanks each having 1000 L capacity for refining silver. Votorantim Metais – Cajamarquilla S.A. - Peru Provided technical consulting service during commissioning of an indium solvent extraction plant. Royal Canadian Mint Provided a second 3 cubic foot filter press to the Royal Canadian Mint in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Areva Resources Canada Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with pH controllers for a test program at the McClean Lake mine site in northern Saskatchwan, Canada. The pilot plant was used to test various methods for uranium stripping. Tanzania Gold Designed and manufactured a small scale plant for the recovery of gold from a placer deposit in Tanzania. The process included leaching gold with sodium cyanide followed by carbon adsorption and electrowinning. Royal Canadian Mint Manufactured anode diaphragm bags for a gold electro-refining cell. Shepherd Chemicals Designed and manufactured nine mixer-settlers for a cobalt nitrate solvent extraction plant. Royal Canadian Mint Provided a 5 cubic foot filter press to the Royal Canadian Mint in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Pacific Comex Designed and manufactured a gold electrowinning pilot plant for a mining project in Sonora, Mexico.
	2008	Votorantim Metais – Cajamarquilla S.A. / AMEC - Peru Designed and manufactured twelve mixer-setters for indium solvent extraction at a zinc refinery in Cajamarquilla, Peru. Royal Canadian Mint - Ottawa Designed and manufactured two FRP dish bottom tanks for a gold hydrometallurgical process. BioMed International Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with pH controllers for a research project in Kuwait. Shepherd Color - USA Assisted with a laboratory test program on the development of a solvent extraction process for the recovery of cobalt from cobalt nitrate solution. Shepherd Widnes Ltd. - UK Provided technical consulting on the design of the mixer box in a mixer-settler and designed and manufactured 15 SX curve blade impellers with drive units and motor mounts. Tshwane University of Technology - South Africa Designed and manufactured a laboratory agitation leaching pilot plant. The pilot plant included four cascading leach vessels with mixers, feed tanks, pumps, and discharge tanks. Royal Canadian Mint - Ottawa Provided a filter press for filtration of silver from a silver chloride solution. KD Engineering Prepared engineering drawings for a copper solvent extraction and electrowinning pilot plant for a copper heap leaching project in Panama. Royal Canadian Mint - Ottawa Provided four FRP holding tanks for silver refining. Sary Kazna Mining Company LLP Provided on site consulting and supervision during the commissioning and plant start up of a copper dump leach, solvent extraction, and electrowinning project in Kounrad, Kazakhstan.
	2007	Rio Tinto Minera Perú Limitada S.A.C. Designed and manufactured a modular solvent extraction and electrowinning pilot plant for a copper heaping leaching project in Northern Peru. Norilsk Níkel Harjavalta Oy Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with ten stages of mixer-settlers for a research project in Finland. ZeaChem Inc. Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant for the purification of acetic acid by a new proprietary technology. The laboratory plant featured sealed mixers and sealed settlers in order to use a solvent with a low flash point. Sary Kazna Mining Company LLP Designed and manufactured a large modular solvent extraction and electrowinning pilot plant for a copper dump leaching project in Kounrad (near Balqash) Kazakhstan. The plant produced 240 kg per day of copper with a design capacity of 100 L/min PLS. Gulf Chemical & Metallurgical Corporation Designed and manufactured a laboratory pilot plant for a uranium solvent extraction project. CV.Geodrill Indonesia We provided an electrowinning plant for a gold mining operation in Indonesia. The plant included an 800 ampere rectifier and an electrowinning cell with 15 cathode boxes. The plant can produce up to 140 kg per day of gold. PCS Phosphate- North Carolina Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant featuring sealed mixers-settlers with jacketed settlers. The pilot plant included 18 mixer-settler stages with a jacketed organic vessel. The pilot plant was used to simulate their full scale solvent extraction column in their production plant for the extraction of impurities from phosphoric acid. Hellenic Copper Mines Limited Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot for a copper mining company in Cyprus. The plant included 10 mixer-settler stages. Hamoon Chemi Co - Iran Assisted in a laboratory test programme aimed at the development of a new hydrometallurgical process to produce high purity cobalt sulphate crystals from a mixed cobalt oxide concentrate. Royal Canadian Mint - Ottawa Designed and manufactured a gold precipitation reactor.
	2006	MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas Plc Designed and manufactured a solvent extraction pilot plant with wetted parts of stainless steel and Teflon for the extraction of impurities from lube oils. The pilot plant was operated at high temperature, above the flash point of the solvent, under a nitrogen gas blanket in the mixers, settlers, and feed tanks. Management Services Inc Provided technical consulting on the recovery of gold from oxidative chloride leach solution using solvent extraction followed by direct reduction to gold metal from the organic phase. Arava Mines Designed and manufactured a laboratory scale electrowinning pilot plant for a copper project in southern Israel. Siderúrgica Nacional Sidenal S.A Provided technical consulting on the recovery of zinc from electric arc furnace dust from an operation plant in Sogamoso, Colombia. Labzinc Industries Attended a series of technical meetings in Malaysia to present a hydrometallurgical method to extract zinc, copper, and nickel from a zinc oxide residue, copper sludge, and nickel catalysts. Metals Finance Designed and manufactured two pilot plant scale oil water separators (coalescers) for a copper solvent extraction project in Illinois, USA. MaSer Canada Inc. Provided technical consulting on the development of a new hydrometallurgical process to recover copper, nickel, zinc, lead, tin, gold, palladium, platinum, and silver from a red metal concentrate obtained from the shredding and delamination of scrap electronics and scrap computers. Minera Pampa de Cobre - MILPO Designed and manufactured a copper electrowinning pilot plant for an operating solvent extraction copper crystallization plant in southern Peru.
	2005	DERMET SA de CV Provided technical consulting on the implementation of a solvent extraction circuit, coupled to copper crystallization, for the production of copper sulphate from scrap copper metal. National Iranian Copper Industries Company Designed and manufactured a laboratory solvent extraction pilot plant with 10 stages of mixer-settlers. Iran Mineral Processing Research Center Designed and manufactured a portable and modular solvent extraction pilot plant that can be configured for any number of extraction, scrubbing, or stripping stages. Iran Mineral Processing Research Center Designed and manufactured a portable and modular electrowinning pilot plant that can be configured for either copper, cobalt, or nickel electrowinning. KD Bryansk Ltd / Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys Sold solvent extraction reagents to include: Escaid 110 diluent and 3,000 L of LIX extractant. KD Bryansk Ltd / Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys Sold electrowinning reagents to include: Galactasol 20H3C 41 and hollow polypropylene balls. We also provided copper hanger bars. KD Bryansk Ltd / Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys Sold pilot plant reagents to include: 2 drums of Polyox coagulant and10 bags of bags of diatomaceous earth filter aid. Royal Canadian Mint Designed and manufactured a six agitation leaching plants for the extraction and purification of silver. Kasese Cobalt Company Limited Provided technical consulting on methods to minimize organic entrainment, crud formation, organic losses and consulted on methods of crud treatment. Isle Mining and Exploration Provided technical consulting on solvent extraction of gold from oxidative chloride Solution followed by direct reduction of gold from the organic phase.
	2004	Falconbridge Limited / Kidd Creek Conducted solvent extraction tests to determine the extraction distribution curve of molybdenum by Alamine 336 from Indium plant SX feed. Falconbridge Limited / Kidd Creek Provided solvent extraction coalescer media for the mixer settlers at Kidd Creek Indium solvent extraction plant. Southern Peru Copper Corporation Designed and manufacture an electrowinning pilot plant for the leach / solvent extraction / electrowinning plant at the Toquepala copper mine in Tacna, Peru. Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys (Technological University) Provided mineral processing pilot plant equipment for the Udokan project in North eastern Russia. The equipment included Knelson concentrators, Falcon concentrators, Eriez magnetic separators, Bico bond ball mill, and F.W. Bell Gaussmeters. Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys (Technological University) Manufactured 10 anodes for a copper electrowinning pilot plant. Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys (Technological University) Designed and manufactured laboratory scale leaching, solvent extraction and electrowinning pilot plants for research programs at Moscow State Technical University. Erdenet Mining Corporation Designed and manufactured a copper solvent extraction and electrowinning pilot plant for a project in Mongolia. The pilot plant included 6 mixer settlers in the solvent extraction circuit and 4 cathodes in the electrowinning circuit. The plant was sized to produce 60 g of copper per hour. Royal Canadian Mint Designed and manufactured a small batch leaching plant for the extraction of gold, palladium, and platinum. The plant included the leach tank with agitator and feed and transfer pumps. SR&ED / SX Kinetics, Inc. Conducted a scientific research and experiment development program to evaluate flat blade impellers to curve blade impellers. The program determined that a curve blade SX impeller enhance the performance by providing higher pumping flow rates at lower impeller tip speeds. This gave less shear and in turn less entrainment. These new impellers are now provided on all of our laboratory solvent extraction pilot plants.
	2003	Heraeus Metal Processing, Inc. Designed and constructed a solvent extraction pilot plant for the extraction of precious metals. The plant included 6 mixer-settlers with variable speed mixer motors coupled to polypropylene SX impellers. The plant was completely assembled on a support frame and included the feed pumps. Versitile Industries, Inc. / Battelle Designed and constructed a solvent extraction proto-type plant for the recovery of chromium from chrome plating shop waste waters. The plant was shipped to a US air force base in Utah. Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys (Technological University) Manufactured a bench scale solvent extraction and electrowinning pilot plant for the recovery of copper for an ore body in Russia. The plant was sized to produce 570 grams of copper cathode per day. Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys (Technological University) Assembled 60 anodes for a large scale electrowinning pilot plant. Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys (Technological University) Designed and manufactured a large scale copper solvent extraction pilot within 10 modular shipping frames. The pilot plant was sized to process 50 L/min of SX feed containing 5.6 g/L copper. The plant included the feed tanks, mixer-settlers, coalescer, organic tank, transfer tanks, and a crud treatment circuit. North Group Inc. Provided 2000 kg of di-2-ethyl-hexyl phosphoric acid (DEPHA) to a Russian-Canadian Trading Company.
	2002	New Jersey Institute of Technology Designed and constructed a solvent extraction pilot plant for the extraction of proteins. Amec / Canmine / MFC Bancorp Ltd. Conducted, as part of a team, a due diligence evaluation of a cobalt refinery in Kasese, Uganda. The cobalt refinery included the following unit operations: bio-leaching, ferric precipitation, zinc solvent extraction, copper precipitation, cobalt solvent extraction, cobalt electrowinning, and nickel precipitation. Canmine Resources Corporation Designed and manufactured a laboratory scale solvent extraction pilot plant. The plant was manufactured from pyrex and included twelve stages. The unit was used to evaluate a new process for the removal of impurities from cobalt solutions. Canmine Resources Corporation Provided on site technical consulting during plant commissioning and plant start up of a new cobalt refinery. The process involved autoclave leaching, impurity precipitation, cobalt solvent extraction, cobalt and nickel precipitation, and silver recovery by cyanidation and cementation. Prepared SX plant operations instructions and trained operators. Canmine Resources Corporation Directed a laboratory test program to develop a solvent extraction process for production of higher purity cobalt products.
	2001	Mineral Recovery Specialists, Inc Provided technical consulting services for the implementation of a new hydrometallurgical process to recover zirconium at a uranium mill owned by Cotter Corporation in Colorado. Pacific Ores Metals and Chemicals, Inc. Conducted a technical review of experimental work on a tantalum and niobium project. The review was on laboratory results for leaching and solvent extraction of tantalum and niobium. Summo Minerals Corporation Prepared a basic review of current technical information on the Tarrazas project for the recovery of copper and zinc. The review included various flowsheet options to minimize or eliminated the need to neutralize acid prior to zinc solvent extraction. SX Kinetics provided a novel method to deplete copper prior to zinc SX and a method to remove and recover iron by solvent extraction. Kress Enterprises, Inc. Designed and manufactured a solvent extraction plant to purify and stabilize gas oil that was produced from waste motor oil. The plant was shipped to Belgium.
	2000	Versitile Industries Inc. / Battelle Designed and fabricated a mobile solvent extraction pilot plant inside a 40’ cargo container. The mobile SX plant was operated at various electro-plating sites for the demonstration of a solvent extraction process to recover chromium from spent plating bath solutions. SX Kinetics also provided on site technical consulting during plant start-up. CMS Enterprises Fabricated a turn-key solvent extraction pilot plant for zirconium. The plant included six mixer-settlers, feed and transfer tanks, structural support frames, containment trays, and all piping, values, fittings, and process control. The plant was fabricated in Canada and shipped the client’s site in Colorado, USA. Mineral Recovery Specialists, Inc Provided technical consulting services for the development of a hydrometallurgical process to recover zirconium from an ore in South America. The process included calcinations, leaching, solvent extraction, and precipitation. Supervised the start-up and operation of a solvent extraction pilot plant for the recovery of zirconium. Assisted in the engineering design of a full scale (750 gpm organic flow) zirconium solvent extraction plant. CMS Enterprises Fabricated a turn-key solvent extraction demo (3 ½ time larger than the prior plant) plant for zirconium. The plant included six mixer-settlers, feed and transfer tanks, structural support frames, containment trays, and all piping, values, fittings, and process control. The plant was fabricated in Canada and shipped the client’s site in Colorado, USA. CMS Enterprises Fabricated a turn-key water leaching demo plant. The plant included three cascading tanks, agitators, impellers, immersion heaters, structural support frame, and all piping, values, fittings, and process control. The plant was fabricated in Canada and shipped the client’s site in Colorado, USA. CMS Enterprises Fabricated a turn-key CCD demo plant. The plant included four cascading thickener tanks, agitator drive units with stainless steel rakes, moyno under flow pumps, structural support frame, and all piping, values, fittings, and process control. The plant was fabricated in Canada and shipped the client’s site in Colorado, USA. CMS Enterprises Fabricated a turn-key acid leaching demo plant. The plant included three cascading FRP tanks, agitators, impellers, immersion heaters, structural support frame, and all piping, values, fittings, and process control. The plant was fabricated in Canada and shipped the client’s site in Colorado, USA. CMS Enterprises Fabricated a three turn-key precipitation circuits for a demo plant. The circuits included five cascading stainless steel tanks, agitators, impellers, immersion heaters, structural support frame, and all piping, values, fittings, and process control. The plant was fabricated in Canada and shipped the client’s site in Colorado, USA.
	1999	Canmine Inc. Participated in technical meetings on the re-configuration of an existing hydrometallurgical process to a new process for the recovery of cobalt from cobalt-silver ore. Mineral Chemicals Inc. Participated in technical meetings to develop a conceptual process flowsheet for the recovery of zinc, copper, and indium from a calciner concentrate. The process involved selective leaching followed by solvent extraction of copper and indium. Inter-Citic Environtec, Inc. Participated in a technical review at the Jiangsu Haiwei Rare Earth Processing Facility, in China, for the expansion of plant capacity from 1,400 tonne per year to 2,500 tonne per year and the up-grade of product quality to 99.9 % La2O3, 99.95 % CeO2, 99.5 % Pr6O11, and 99.9 % Nd2O3. The expanded / up-graded process included six solvent extraction circuits having a total of 395 mixer-settlers. CTI, Inc. Prepared a detailed proposal for engineering, technical design, procurement, and construction of a modular hydrometallurgical plant for the recovery of lutetium from scrap lutetium-silica-oxide (LSO) crystal detectors. The plant has the capacity to treat 338 kg of LSO per day. CIMTEC, S.A. Prepared a detailed proposal for the supply of an SX-EW plant for the recovery of cobalt mixed nickel-cobalt sulphides. Provided technical assistance for the economic viability of producing one tonne per day of 99.9 % cobalt metal from the mixed sulphide by-product.
	1998	Recovery Dynamics, LLC Assisted in the development of solvent extraction technologies for the recovery of uranium, tantalum, and scandium from a tantalum digestion residue. The process utilized two solvent extraction circuits: The primary circuit used Primine JM-T extractant for the recovery tantalum, and the secondary used a mixture of DEHPA and Cyanex 923 for the recovery of uranium and scandium. A novel method for scrubbing and stripping was developed. Recovery Dynamics, LLC / International Uranium Corporation Provided on site technical assistance (over a period of 11 months) for the conversion of uranium and vanadium solvent extraction circuits, at the White Mesa uranium mill, to SX circuits for the recovery of uranium, tantalum, and scandium. Fansteel, Inc. Provided three turn-key solvent extraction plants for the recovery of uranium, tantalum, and scandium at their site in Muskogee, Oklahoma. The plants were manufactured in Canada, and shipped to Oklahoma in October, 1998. University of Tennessee Supplied a complete 15 stage solvent extraction pilot plant. The plant included mixer-settlers manufactured from pyrex glass with PVC impellers and variable speed agitators. The pilot plant was manufactured in Canada, and shipped to Tennessee in May, 1998. CTI, Inc. Consulted on solvent extraction technology for the recovery of lutetium from lutetium crystal reject material. Prepared P&ID’s, mass balance calculations, and plant layout for a complete hydrometallurgical process which included grinding, digestion, solvent extraction, precipitation, calcination, and effluent treatment.
	1997	Cobatec Limited Provided technical assistance, in association with Richard C. Swider Consulting Engineers Limited, for a plant audit at Cobatec Limited cobalt production facility in northern Ontario. Geominera, S.A. Prepared a business plan for the creation of a new corporation that would provide a facility for contract research and development. Commercial Caribbean Nickel, S.A. / Cobatec Limited Introduced Cobatec to business and technical representatives of CCN, for obtaining a contract to supply Cobatec’s plant in Canada with a mixed nickel/cobalt concentrate. Cobatec Limited Prepared an operational set of guidelines for the operation of Cobatec’s SX plant, and provided training for their operators. Centaur Mining Exploration Limited Consulted on Zn, Mn, and Pb solvent extraction by Cyanex 302, Cyanex 272, DEHPA, and DEHPTA extractants. Calculated mixer-settler requirements for their process. Gramco Inc. Consulted on leaching of gold and silver from scrap printed circuit boards, and the effect of the HCI/HNO₃ lixivant on the subsequent solvent extraction steps. Recovery Dynamics, LLC Provided on site assistance, for the development of new solvent extraction technology, for the recovery of scandium, tantalum, and uranium from a tantalum residue.
	1996	Western Holdings Inc. (Gramco) Assisted in the implementation of a palladium solvent extraction circuit at a precious metals recovery plant in Woodscross, Utah. Negotiated, on behalf of the client, with petro-chemical manufactures, for the production and sale of 1.5 tonnes of di-n-octyl sulphide. Dremco Inc. Provided a hydrometallurgical flowsheet for the recovery of gold, silver, and copper from scrap jewellery. Located suppliers of components for a full scale plant to recover 1 kg of gold per day. Centaur Mining Exploration Limited Provided technical assistance on a solvent extraction process for the recovery of zinc and manganese from an acetate leach solution containing a high concentration of calcium. The ore body, known as “Yava” is located near Sydney, NS. Minerals Associates Developed four conceptual processes for the recovery of indium, copper, and zinc from the Mount Pleasant ore body.
	1995	EGO Resources / Cobatec Provided on site technical assistance during construction and start up of a cobalt solvent extraction plant. Kilborn Inc. Conducted an effluent treatment program for the removal of arsenic and other heavy metals from a copper smelter effluent in India. International Curator Developed, as part of a team, a process for the recovery of cobalt, copper and zinc from an ore body in Boleo, Mexico. The leach solution, had twice the salt concentration of sea water and contained a high concentration of manganese. The test program evaluated various options using ion exchange and solvent extraction technologies. Richard C. Swider Consulting Engineers Limited Studied the effect of chloride ion concentration during the crystallization of ammonium sulphate at a typical uranium plant. Developed a method for the removal of chloride ions during uranium solvent extraction. Cameco Corporation Designed, procured and constructed a pilot plant inside 4 shipping containers for the recovery of cobalt and nickel from Key Lake uranium tailings. The plant included autoclave leaching, atmospheric leaching, 5 stages of CCD washing, selective precipitation, pressure filtration, 3 separate solvent extraction circuits, and 2 electrowinning circuits for cobalt and nickel. Supervised plant set up, start up and 4 months operation.
	1994	EGO Resources / Cobatec Developed a conceptual process for the recovery of cobalt, copper, zinc, and cadmium from zinc refinery waste material known as “copper cake”. The process included selective zinc leaching, oxidative vat leaching, copper SX / EW, cadmium precipitation, ferric arsenate precipitation, and cobalt solvent extraction. Westminer Canada Limited Conducted bottle roll leach tests using sulphuric acid at pH 1.8, for the evaluation of El Indio copper oxide ore body in Chile. Davy International Designed, procured, and constructed a copper SX / EW pilot plant, including agitation leaching, 4 stages of CCD washing, and three 85 tonne heap leach cribs. Supervised plant set up and start up in Santa Lucia, Cuba. Trained Cuban operators. Falconbridge Limited / Kidd Creek Division Provided technical consulting services on phase disengagement and loading capacity problems in the cottrell dust indium SX plant. North American Palladium Company Developed a solvent extraction process for the recovery of gold, palladium, and platinum from an aqua regia leach solution. Di-octyl-sulphide and ZnX 50 extractants were evaluated for palladium recovery.
	1993	AKZO Chemicals Evaluated various amine derivatives for reducing cyanide consumption during leaching of gold ores containing copper. E.I. DuPont Assisted in the development of a new process to simultaneously recover gold, copper and cyanide from high cyanide consuming ores. El Condor Resources Ltd. Conducted bottle roll leach tests for copper with sulphuric acid followed by cyanidation leaching on the washed residue for gold. Lac des Iles Conducted solvent extraction tests for the extraction of palladium from chloride solutions. The test program evaluated Acorga CLX-50, Cyanex 471X and, di-n-octyl sulphide extractants. Total Minatco (Richard C. Swider) Studied the chemical stability of siloxirane coating under various process conditions. Beta Metals/Cobatec Ltd. Developed a solution purification/solvent extraction process for the recovery of cobalt and nickel from arsenic containing ores. The process included precipitation for removal of impurities, followed by cobalt solvent extraction. Cobalt electrowinning and nickel precipitation were evaluated as methods for product recovery. Cameco Corporation Supervised a test program for the recovery of nickel and cobalt from uranium tailings. The program included impurity precipitation tests, the development of a solvent extraction circuit, followed by electrowinning tests. Western Copper Holdings Ltd. Designed, constructed, and supervised the start-up and operation of a solvent extraction/electrowinning pilot plant for the recovery of copper from a large scale heap leaching test. The test was conducted on site, near Carmacks, Yukon, Canada. Richard C. Swider/Lakefield Research Co-invented a solvent extraction process for the recovery of sulphuric acid. A patent application was filed in October 1993. Fluor Daniel Wright Conducted a test program for the development of a solvent extraction process to recover zinc from EAF dust. The extraction of zinc chloride by Acorga's ZNX 50 was evaluated.
	1992	Total Minatco/Midwest Joint Venture Integrated Project Confirmed Minatco's integrated flowsheet for processing a blend of Minatco and Midwest ore. The test program included two stage leaching, a large scale batch leach, a bulk solvent extraction test and tailings effluent treatment. Tantalum Mining Corporation Invented a process to reduce radioactivity from tantalum concentrates. The process included silica calcination, hydrochloric acid leaching, and acid regeneration. Kilborn Inc./Reunion Mining (Zimbabwe) Limited Developed a flowsheet for the recovery of copper and zinc from Sanyati ore. The flowsheet incorporated heap leaching, copper solvent extraction with Acorga M5640 and zinc solvent extraction with D2EHPA. A novel process was developed to remove ferric iron. Midwest Joint Ventures Conceived and developed a process to recover cobalt and nickel from uranium raffinate. The process included two stage precipitation for removal of impurities followed by cobalt-nickel precipitation. Solvent extraction for the separation of cobalt from nickel was evaluated. The process was presented at the CMP conference in January 1993. Silver Standard Resources Inc. Conducted locked cycle bottle roll leach tests, incorporating solvent extraction, on Williams Creek copper oxide ore. The test simulated a heap leaching-solvent extraction process. A.D. Zunkel Consulting/Nerco Minerals Company Directed solvent extraction testwork to recover copper, cobalt and nickel from a ferric chloride leach solution. The process included copper solvent extraction with Acorga CLX 50, ferric iron solvent extraction with TOPO, and cobalt solvent extraction with TIOA. E.I. DuPont Constructed and operated an ion exchange stripper column to obtain engineering design data for the elution of zinc cyanide from ion exchange resins. E.I. DuPont Investigated the effect of sodium cyanide and calcium cyanide lixiviants on the extraction efficiency of copper and gold from various ores.
	1991	Consulting Engineers Limited/Total Minatco Limited Supervised a test program for the development of a flowsheet to recover uranium from Minatco's Sue A and Sue B ores. The flowsheet included atmospheric H2SO4/NaClO3 leaching, solvent extraction, hydrogen peroxide precipitation, effluent treatment, and environmental studies. E.I. DuPont/Delamar Silver Mine Optimized leaching conditions to reduce sodium cyanide consumption from 1.5 kg/t NaCN to less than 0.3 kg/t NaCN. Silver and gold leaching efficiency were not compromised. Wimmera Industrial Minerals Assisted in the development of a process to reduce the radioactivity of zircon concentrates. The process included lime calcination, hydrochloric acid leaching, and spray evaporation. The process was patented in 1992. General Electric Canada Limited Conceived and developed a process to treat spent zircaloy etching solutions for fluoride and zirconium removal. Ivaco Rolling Mills Limited Conducted leaching and sulphate roasting tests on electric arc furnace (EAF) dust samples to examine various processing options for the recovery of zinc. Dofasco Limited Conducted leaching tests on an EAF dust sample using various lixiviants. Philip Environmental Conducted leaching tests on an iron flue dust sample. Industrial Minera Mexico Conducted caustic, acid, and water leaching tests on an arsenic bag-house dust sample. Lakefield Research Conceptualized a process for the recovery of zinc, cadmium, and lead from electric arc furnace dust. The conceptual flowsheet included two stage sulphuric acid leaching, zinc solvent extraction using D2EHPA, cadmium and lead cementation. Consulting Engineers Ltd./Urangesellschaft Canada Ltd. Supervised a test program for the confirmation of a flowsheet to recover uranium from Sissons-Schultz ore. The program included leaching, thickening, solvent extraction, uranium precipitation, effluent treatment, and environmental testing.
	1990	Highwood Resources Inc./Strathcona Mineral Services Directed a solvent extraction test program for the development of a process to recover zirconium from sulphate leach solutions. The process included Alamine 336 extraction, dilute acid scrubbing, and stripping by 400 g/L sulphuric acid. A novel mechanism was discovered to minimize impurities co-extraction. Melis Engineering/PNC Exploration Supervised a test program for the development of a flowsheet to recover uranium from Midwest ore. Carbon adsorption was evaluated for the recovery of molybdenum. Melis Engineering/Midwest Joint Ventures Supervised and operated a solvent extraction pilot plant to evaluate various scrub solutions and stripping processes. Hydrogen peroxide precipitation was evaluated on pilot plant strip liquors. Effluent treatment and tailings solidification tests were conducted on process stream solutions and leach residues. Kilborn Inc./Acadia Limited Conducted leaching, settling, and filtration tests on Strange Lake ore body and concentrates for yttrium and zirconium recovery. Kidd Creek/Falconbridge Limited Conducted pressure filtration tests on copper concentrates.
	1989	Wright Engineering (Fluor Daniel Wright) Supervised a test program to develop a flowsheet for the recovery of uranium from Malawi ore. Unit operations included grinding, leaching, thickening, ion exchange, solvent extraction, uranium precipitation, effluent treatment, and environmental testing.
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